In a groundbreaking study, researchers have uncovered a rare and powerful genetic adaptation that helps explain horses’ exceptional athleticism. The research, co-led by molecular biologist Elia Duh of Johns Hopkins University and biologist Gianni Castiglione of Vanderbilt University, reveals how horses evolved a unique strategy to bypass what should be a genetic roadblock — a stop codon.

“Essentially, a suite of mutations allows them to ignore the stop sign, making the gene work, but in a slightly different way that ends up benefiting the horses,” explained Duh. These mutations, traced back to the ancestors of all modern horses, significantly enhance muscle cell function. Compared to mice, horse muscle cells can generate up to five times more energy while also boosting their damage-control mechanisms by an astonishing 200%.

“This provides them with the biochemical means to run fast and over long distances,” said Duh, calling the animals “aerobic powerhouses.”

Samantha Brooks, a horse genetics researcher at the University of Florida, called the study “remarkable.” She noted that this mutation “should have caused a catastrophic loss of function for this protein. But instead, the ancestors of these species somehow managed to really turn that lemon into lemonade.”

By decoding this extraordinary biological workaround, Castiglione, Duh, and their team have not only deepened our understanding of horse biology but also opened a promising path for future medical innovation for human medicine.

Tanja Schnuderl is the Director of International Services with The Equine Expert LLC, a multi-discipline equine expert witness and consulting firm with expert equestrians offering legal expert witness and consulting services in court cases and legal matters. Tanja is an expert on Barn Management and Horse Behavior and Senior Equine Appraiser with the American Society of Equine Appraisers. Tanja grew up in Germany and was a paralegal for many years. For more information on Tanja Schnuderl visit www.theequineexpert.com or reach out via email to [email protected].

Source: “The unique genetic change that turned horses into athletic powerhouses,” by Jonathan Lambert. Link to article: The unique genetic change that turned horses into athletic powerhouses : NPR